Ubuntu deepens respect for persons and pervades every sphere of South African life, including science. The degree to which ubuntu is practised consciously may differ in urban and rural communities. It may also differ amongst youth and older members of society.
In this regard, it may be said that relative solidarity is an important component of ubuntu. That it is increasingly pervasive is illustrated by the observation that the South African judiciary has embraced ubuntu as an integral part of the constitutional values and principles, especially when interpreting the Bill of Rights.
The panel therefore recommends that the ubuntu principle must be promoted in genetics and genomics research, healthcare delivery and forensics practice Recommendation 5. Although the notions of personal autonomy and ubuntu may appear to be in tension, they should be seen to be complementary rather than mutually exclusive.
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Ubuntu does not negate individual choice or the exercise of autonomy; rather, individual choice is expected to take the community context into account. Topics for engagement range from academic research projects, to genetic testing in the public and private sectors, and also include the relationships among the public, the criminal justice system and the forensic science sector of the country. Accountability and transparency are emphasised for all aspects Recommendation 4. Further, the report highlights South African experiences with community engagement for genomics and the critical importance of education and translation of science into policy and practice Recommendation 2.
Regular evaluation of the effectiveness of stakeholder engagements is also recommended. This section also emphasises the importance of ensuring that the public is well informed about participating in research projects, as well as their roles, rights and responsibilities when choosing to use direct-to-consumer genetic marketing and testing approaches Recommendations 3 and 8. Regarding direct-to-consumer marketing, the advent of social media and the ease with which information is transmitted have facilitated access to large.
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ASSAf consensus study on the ethical, legal and social implications of genetics and genomics in South Africa. This desire for information is driving an industry in which individuals can obtain very detailed information on their own genomes simply by providing a biological sample e.
Although this practice promotes the exercise of autonomy to access meaningful personal information, the process could impact negatively on the person depending on 1 the quality of the test and 2 the means by which results and the implications of the findings are delivered, which should be through direct counselling. Negative effects create anxiety and confusion, as the recipient may not know how to respond to the information. To protect the public, the panel recommends that direct-to-consumer genetic marketing and testing must be regulated Recommendation 3.
Legally and ethically, people are entitled to make informed choices about their health care and research participation. Especially relevant are privacy interests as genetic information could theoretically be a means to identify a person, even if data are de-identified. The report recommends that the existing legal and ethical framework relating to the protection of personal information, access to, control over and use of personal information and data be revised to provide for a well-aligned and integrated framework that balances a range of diverse interests.
Informed consent is required, as usual, for genetics and genomics work, whether for diagnostic, therapeutic or research purposes. The panel recognises, however, that there is lack of consensus regarding the impact of the POPI Act on broad consent and that the situation may change once the Act is fully operational and clarity is obtained from the Regulator. The report recommends that a national consent template for genetics and genomics would be useful so that the essential considerations are not omitted Recommendation 6.
Policies, legislation, regulations and guidelines must govern genetic and genomic testing; accreditation of laboratories; qualification and certification of staff; and mechanisms and circumstances for feedback of individual results, especially incidental findings. National frameworks for biobanks and access to samples and data are necessary to promote equitable and responsible sharing that will enhance knowledge generation and translational science while aligning with international policies and guidelines Recommendation One of the most significant overarching recommendations concerns the need to develop capacity in human and material resources.
This includes in particular, technical, scientific, computational, bioinformatics and statistical analysis, as well as financial, legal and ethical expertise. Training of genetics nurses, genetics counsellors, medical geneticists, medical scientists, bioinformaticists, biostatisticians and forensic scientists for the public and private sectors is critical to provide a service platform and sustainable genomics programmes to benefit the nation Recommendation The Departments of Basic Education and Higher Education and Training should be encouraged to integrate education about new health-related technologies into primary, secondary and tertiary education curricula.
Appropriate genetics and genomics training should be promoted for healthcare professionals, and a substantive investment should be. The panel also suggests that courses on forensic DNA testing should be incorporated into the curricula of law degrees. Likewise, ownership of data and samples remains a contested issue and researchers must be aware that they are custodians of data and samples, rather than legal owners thereof. In summary, the consensus report emphasises the benefits to be derived from genetics and genomics work in research, clinical practice and forensic science, and the need for boundaries to be clearly defined and policies adhered to so that the benefits are shared by all while avoiding unnecessary harm.
From a genetics and genomics perspective, material differences exist between individuals and between different groups of people. Tools are needed to utilise these differences to better manage prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, it is increasingly recognised that the analysis of findings for an individual affects not only the immediate biological family members directly through transmission of heritable traits as genetic information is both personal and familial at the same time , but also indirectly the community to which an individual belongs.
Sensitive findings may provoke emotional reactions; negative perceptions about findings can therefore affect large numbers of people, and this should be considered in the regulation of genetics and genomics for the country. Laws and regulations relating to genetics and genomics must be aligned and consistent, and where necessary drafted or updated from time to time to remain abreast of new developments in the field. Ultimately, the practice of genetics and genomics should serve the people of South Africa in the spirit of ubuntu.
A strong legal and ethical framework is required that includes: review and oversight roles for research ethics committees and data access committees; engagement with the Information Regulator and the Department of Justice; as well as clear expectations about avoiding harm or offence when reporting research findings Recommendations 7 and It is also necessary to ensure that sanctions for non-compliance with requirements exist and can be enforced.
Finally, when accessing personal information demographic, phenotypic and genotypic — which potentially could be used to identify a person , individuals must be protected to avoid social harm such as negative perceptions, stigmatisation and discrimination. In addition, participants must be given the option to gain access to this information, although which information should be made available and to which degree, as.
This consensus study was undertaken under the auspices of the Academy of Science of South Africa, and the panel expresses heartfelt thanks to Prof. Roseanne Diab and Dr Khutso Phalane for all they have done to ensure the successful outcome of the project. We are also grateful to the Department of Science and Technology for the funding provided. He was Professor of Theoretical Physics at the then University of Natal from and Senior Professor from until he retired in After undergoing surgery in June, he unfortunately never really recovered.
He will be missed by many, including his colleagues and students, as well as the wider space science community, both nationally and internationally. And Jack Gledhill, a polymath, is regarded by many as being the father of space physics in South Africa. Hellberg MA.
This work led to a joint publication, as well as a single-author paper in Nature. Awarded a Shell Postgraduate Scholarship to St. After returning to Rhodes he was promoted to Senior Lecturer, before his move to Durban in David Walker was recognised internationally as a world leader in space physics. In addition to carrying out sophisticated mathematical-computational calculations, he was also involved in the analysis and interpretation of both ground-based and satellite observations of the behaviour of the ionised gas plasma of geospace.
The paper by Walker, Greenwald, et al. It also showed that STARE-type radar set-ups can provide a powerful new diagnostic technique for geomagnetic pulsation phenomena and hence deepen our understanding of the magnetosphere. When the Foundation for Research Development FRD , forerunner of the National Research Foundation, introduced international peer evaluation in , he was one of the first group of about a dozen scientists across all disciplines to earn an A-rating leading international scientist.
Despite university, national and international management roles, he retained his A-rating throughout successive re-evaluations to his retirement in , after which it dropped to a B-rating internationally acclaimed. Walker received many accolades. During his career, he filled various management roles at the University of Natal, including Head of the Department of Physics for 16 years, Dean of Science, part-time Pro-Vice Principal Information Systems for 2 years, Acting Vice-Principal for three short spells , and member of Council and numerous committees of Senate.
He even chaired the Trustees of the University Retirement Fund.
These involved a variety of projects, including, for instance, merging 3 independent and 16 branch libraries, and setting up a Research Ethics Guide and protocols for the new, merged institution. Walker interacted with many other leaders in the field. His academic leadership style was characterised by his friendliness, his analytical, incisive mind, his integrity and fairness, his ability to delegate and his decisiveness.
Internationally, his research and his views were highly regarded. Walker had a way with words. The numerous documents that he prepared in his management roles were extremely well written, analytical and to the point. He was also an excellent speaker, whether as a debater in Senate, or as an entertaining after-dinner speaker. He was very well read, and that attribute was invariably reflected in his writing and his speeches. Walker published 85 peer-reviewed research articles, many of them singly authored, and his work has been cited more than times. His latest three papers appeared in , but ongoing projects should lead to further publications.
In addition, he presented 79 papers at international and 56 at national conferences. After completing his second research monograph, Walker embarked on serious historical research, scouring museums and archives, following the story of his forebears, who were Settlers. He enjoyed listening to classical music he was a regular at the KZNPO concerts for many years , gardening and watercolour painting. At one stage he took up long-distance running, and twice qualified for the Comrades Marathon, but to his regret did not finish. Walker was a consummate all-round academic. Apart from being a world-class researcher, he took teaching seriously.
When he joined the University of Natal, he brought a fresh look to our teaching and had a significant impact, for instance, in the development of lecture demonstrations and in supporting teaching experiments. His lectures were known for their clarity, his depth of understanding of physics and his well-planned notes. During his Cambridge days, he met Carol Glencross, a Scottish statistician, and they married in Carol was very supportive of him throughout his career, and his family played an important part in his life. Heartfelt condolences go to Carol and the family at this sad time.
A holistic story of South African cricket across time, space, identity, race and gender If the history of South African cricket was to be written, told or retold I cannot think of a better threesome than Andre Odendaal, Krish Reddy and Christopher Merrett to undertake the task.
They have each contributed hugely to other projects on the subject of South African cricket in the same spirit as can be found in this book, the second volume in what they expect to be a four-volume narrative. Odendaal is an historian, Reddy a former school principal and Merrett was a university librarian. Each of them brings unique skills, knowledge and experience as academics and cricket historians to this overall project. Here they have pooled their complementary talents to produce a very significant and holistic story of South African cricket across time, space, identity, race and, notably, gender.
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Padayachee V. A holistic story of South African cricket across time, space, identity, race and gender. The cricket saga that unfolds happens in the context of the turbulent and divisive history of South Africa; the politics and the cricket story they retell illuminate the same, often inglorious past.
These are not two parallel themes but different sides of the same complex reality of modern industrialised South Africa. These rather ironic developments in local black cricket only began to change in the s.
The story of these racially based cricket organisations, their origins and development may at times fill readers with a real sense of revulsion, yet telling their story, however unsavoury, with wholeness and proportionality is vitally important. Among other things it allows the reader to appreciate that cricket among black people in South Africa has its own rich history, both of resistance and accommodation to white rule. The cricketing history of each of these leagues is told in great depth and with great care and sensitivity.
The book consists of five parts and 32 chapters.