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The original Eland had an unusual combination of the 60mm K1 mortar and two medium, or one heavy, machine guns - a combination inspired by French experiences in the Algerian War. Maximum effective range of the K1 as produced by Denel Land Systems is stated to be 1, metres. Panhard's response was the AML H The 90mm Denel GT-2 gun, which fires fin-stabilised high-explosive HE and high-explosive anti-tank HEAT projectiles, is heavier than that mounted in the Saladin and provides the Eland with a very potent form of armament, considering its small size and speed.
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Oil levels and the nitrogen pressure had to be monitored frequently; [39] if neither was sufficient turret crews were forced to physically manhandle their gun back into position. South Africa began producing its own 90mm ammunition in large quantities after French high-explosive rounds were blamed for causing stoppages in Elands during Operation Reindeer.
The Eland's first combat deployment to the Caprivi Strip revealed major flaws in South African armour doctrine. Firstly, the SAAC learned that significant swathes of Namibian and Angolan terrain were not ideal conditions for military vehicles. Caprivi had thick bush which restricted movement, turret traverse, and visibility. Second, Eland crews were trained on the arid flats of Bloemfontein and Walvis Bay. The conditions they encountered were quite unlike anything the SADF had prepared them for.
Much was learned from Elands' performance in Operation Savannah. According to the South African Military College at Voortrekkerhoogte , which clearly recognised the Eland's weakness in attrition warfare, SADF doctrine was to be "based on not to hold ground but to create the design of battle in such a way that you would lure the enemy into killing ground and then [with] the superiority of fire and movement, you would kill him completely.
It subsequently issued a requirement for a "heavy armoured car" and grafted support infantry into the existing squadrons to deal with the threat posed by RPGs. There were logistical incentives for adopting the Panhard M3 , which shared many interchangeable parts with the Elands, but this notion was rejected: Pretoria wanted a true MRAP. After dozens of trials and modifications the Buffel was finally born.
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Eland squadrons operated on the troop platoon level in operational areas: one was assigned to virtually every major settlement i. Rucana , Ondangwa , Eenhana , Katima Mulilo , etc. Alpha and Charlie were the troop sergeant and leader respectively. Bravo was always an Eland Delta was the additional option: either a second Eland [78] or a support infantry Buffel. Charlie and Alpha laid down suppressive fire.
If present Delta infantry debussed and attacked on foot from the nine o'clock position. Communication in the troop was essential, as fire had to be lifted once Delta moved to target. The armoured car troop was expected to operate independently. Its own crews carried out repair and recovery with limited resources. Operations were dictated by the amount of fuel, ammunition, water and ration that could be carried per vehicle.
One of the first major breakthroughs of the late s was the development of the Ratel.
Three years after Springfield-Bussing built the first prototype in , Magnus Malan reported to Parliament that the Ratel was "successfully industrialised". Commands became more concise, emphasis shifted to reaction speed, and evaluation methods improved substantially. Nevertheless, the SAAC defeated the purpose of Israeli tank drills by applying them directly to armoured cars, setting a trend that continued throughout the border war. Throughout the s, Elands played a supporting role for the Ratel-mounted mechanised combat groups.
Specific infantry battalions such as 61 Mechanised also held generic platoons of Elands or Ratels as an antitank reserve. Spotting tanks was a particular problem. This poor visibility in vegetation also complicated command and control, frustrating both driver and troop leader to no end. Eland troops always identified one tank as a priority target. To avoid being hit between volleys, they had to keep moving. South Africa formally retired its Eland fleet in Eland armoured cars feature prominently in the Larry Bond novel Vortex , which depicts a hypothetical SADF invasion of newly independent Namibia during the early s.
The Elands are pressed into front-line service to complement the Rooikat in the reconnaissance and fire support role, as the SADF was equipped with relatively few of the newer armoured cars during the novel's time frame. Eland gate guardian , Tempe School of Armour. Chadian Eland on patrol in the Central African Republic.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. South African light armoured car. Type of Armoured car. The little armoured car came to a quick stop right in the middle of the open ground about 80 metres from the tank, waited a couple of seconds and then fired one shot from [its] millimetre with a loud bang. The shot was right on target.
When the smoke drifted away the T's turret was lying off to one side and the open body was burning, belching dense black smoke.
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Plinthed Eland in Irene. The Elands involved were escorting an infantry company, call sign Juliet 19, just outside Cuvelai when they encountered the Ts. Retrieved South African Armour Museum. Archived from the original on South Africa's armaments industry: continuity and change after a decade of majority rule ed. University Press America.
Tanks: Years of Evolution. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. Oxford University Press. South African Armed Forces. Buffalo Publications Struik Publishers Sandstone Estates. Archived from the original on February 1, Defence Web. Modern War, , Volume 1 Issue 4 p. Sentinel Projects. Jane's Armour and Artillery ed. Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. South African Armour of the Border War — Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Grundlingh, A. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University. Retrieved 27 September Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa.
Nigeria's Leadership Role in Africa. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Southern Africa: The escalation of a conflict: a politico-military study.
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Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. Verhoef, Grietjie ed. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand. Archived from the original on 28 February Retrieved 27 February Reflections on War: Preparedness and Consequences. Stellenbosch: Sun Media Press. Missing Voices Project Interview. Interviewed by Cadman, Mike.
Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand.
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Retrieved January 20, Jane's World Armoured Fighting Vehicles ed. Scientia Militaria, , Volume 40 Issue 3 p. South Africa Into Angola ed. Just Done Productions. Days of the Generals. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, — The illustrated encyclopedia of the world's tanks and fighting vehicles: a technical directory of major combat vehicles from World War I to the present day ed. Chartwell Books.
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Jacana Media Pty Ltd. Eagle strike! Manie Publishing. Winkler, Manitoba: Brelan Books. Helion and Company. Ongulumbashe: Where the Bushwar Began. Osprey Publishing. Retrieved 15 July Pinetown: 30 Degrees South. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
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