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They were built in and entered service in and , numbered in the range from E to E The number range of the Series 3 locomotives did not follow directly on that of the Series 2, since the Class 5E1, Series 1 and the Class ES locomotives were allocated most of the numbers in between. These dual cab locomotives had a roof access ladder on one side only, just to the right of the cab access door.
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The roof access ladder end was marked as the no. A corridor along the centre of the locomotive connected the cabs, which were identical except that Cab 2 was where the handbrake was located. Crews found the Class 5E to give a rough ride, which soon earned it the nickname Balstamper.
The successor Class 5E1 with its new design bogies gave a smoother ride. The Class 5E family entered service on the Natal mainline between Durban and Johannesburg and eventually served almost country-wide as electrification was completed on more mainlines.
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In , sixty units of the Class 5E family were allocated to the Witbank section upon completion of its electrification. In December , twelve of them were replaced by Class diesel-electric locomotives and transferred to the newly-electrified Touws River - Beaufort West section. More followed to replace the Class 25 condensers that were being transferred from that section to Beaconsfield in Kimberley at the time.
After withdrawal from service, only one Series 3 locomotive, no. E, was sold into industrial service. It went to the Driefontein gold mine near Carletonville where, for an unknown reason, it was given the number plates from Series 2 no.
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E which had also been acquired by Driefontein. They still survive, staged out of service at Salt River. The locomotives were delivered in a bottle green and yellow whiskers livery with red cowcatchers. Beginning c.
With both liveries, the locomotives all had red cowcatchers except in the Cape Western region, where units based at the Bellville Depot could often be identified by their yellow cowcatchers. Some selected electric and diesel-electric locomotives were painted blue for use with the Blue Train , but without altering the layout of the paint scheme. In the early s no.
E was renumbered E to represent a Series 1 locomotive and repainted in SAR green and yellow whiskers for use on tourist excursion trains. MetroRail 's shunting locomotive no.
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E was later painted in MetroRail's grey and yellow suburban livery. Samples from Beatrix, Driefontein and Tau Tona gold mines in South Africa yielded specimens or evidence of four different nematode taxa, including one already known from nearer the surface, Plectus aquatilis. No other more advanced organisms were found—neither funguses, amoebas nor any other multicellular life-forms—and each nematode was specific to a particular borehole, according to the report published in Nature on June 2. Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group. Similar surveys of both the chemically treated water used in the mine as well as mine walls and surface soils yielded none of the same nematodes, arguing against contamination being responsible for the result.
Radioactive carbon isotope dating also suggests the water from the boreholes had not seen the light of day in at least 2, years. As for how the nematodes found themselves more than a kilometer beneath the surface, no one knows for sure. There are also oxygen levels high enough to support nematodes, even though dissolved O2 levels in the ancient water were as low as 13 micromoles.
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Our findings are just looking at the roots of these systems—deeper, smaller, yet still with enough O2 for multicellular organisms to feed, reproduce and presumably evolve. The nematodes also had no trouble with the heat down low, as much as 48 degrees Celsius.
Similar mine sampling is now ongoing on other continents on this planet. David Biello is a contributing editor at Scientific American. You have free article s left. Already a subscriber?