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- Vredefort Dome
- Vredefort Dome in Parys, Free State
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Many geological sites are visited each year by research groups, including international research groups, as well as student groups. Hammer marks are prevalent throughout the WHS. Limiting geological sample damage is thus largely dependent on individual researchers. Archaeological research in the WHS operates under its own national and international norms and standards and, thus, is highly effectively managed. In addition, there is a concern that geological sampling and analysis may compound the mining threat to the property.
Overall assessment of protection and management Serious Concern. Assessment of the effectiveness of protection and management in addressing threats outside the site. Once the Management Authority becomes operational, its effectiveness in addressing threats outside the property will depend on the strength of collaboration with relevant authorities, institutions, and organisations.
Furthermore, the appointment fo the Management Authority may only take place by way of published Regulations by the Minister. Such Regulations will bring into law the powers and jurisdiction of the Management Authority. State and trend of values. Assessing the current state and trend of values. Low Concern. The greatest potential threats to the geological sites at present appear to be vandalism by mainly local youth or irresponsible sampling for geological research; however, the location of most sites on private land in general appears to be acting as protection against damage or degradation.
The rural and natural landscape setting of the property is vulnerable to uncontrolled development, and there has been some impact from illegal tourism infrastructure developments UNESCO and IUCN, , but steps have been taken to ensure that such developments are better regulated. Of more immediate concern would be irresponsible geological sampling of key sites, and graffiti vandalism of outcrops, such as has happened within the buffer zone in at least two cases in recent years. These features are, by their nature, widespread and thus not specific to a particular site.
Some minor localized impacts may have occurred.
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These features are widespread and are not particularly vulnerable. The exceptional landscape of the Vredefort Mountainland would be vulnerable to unconstrained tourism infrastructure development, ranging from buildings to adventure tourism facilities. In the absence of a Management Authority, the former appears to be being regulated through interim structures State Party of South Africa, ; Summary of values.
Assessment of the current state and trend of World Heritage values. Assessment of the current state and trend of other important biodiversity values. The natural values remaining on site have essentially been protected voluntarily and there is some natural regeneration through volunteer programmes to remove alien and invasive vegetation.
Additional information Benefits. Understanding benefits. Outdoor recreation and tourism. With the drawcard of the geological features, most visitors to the Site are further attracted to the unique natural landscape, which offers a range of eco- and adventure tourism opportunities. Factors negatively affecting provision of this benefit. Impact level - Moderate. Trend - Continuing.
Vredefort Dome
Impact level - High. Trend - Decreasing. The WHS status has decreased agricultural land use, with increase in the natural ecosystems and reintroduction of indigenous large mammal species. This has led to improvements in the health of natural ecosystems and increased biodiversity.
This has been aided by programmes removing alien and invasive species, particularly in and along the Vaal River. The single greatest threat to these habitat improvements is the mainly upstream-derived pollution of the Vaal River. In the longer term, the Site's location in southern Africa may make ecosystems vulnerable to climate change.
Vredefort Dome in Parys, Free State
Given the exceptionally high number of private landowners, avoiding overexploitation of the Site and its resources for tourism purposes will need to be a major focus of the Management Authority. Contribution to education. The Vredefort Dome preserves one of the greatest geological events in Earth's history that has, in turn, exposed an exceptional range of additional geological treasures deep crustal profile through Earth's oldest continent and thus has immense benefits as an educational resource. With the geological resources of the Site as the focal point to draw visitors, the Site also offers exceptional biodiversity, archaeological, cultural history and astronomy-related educational opportunities.
Impact level - Low. The geological features of the Vredefort Dome have potential to attract geo- and eco-tourists both nationally and internationally. The return of much of the Site to its natural state, repopulation of large fauna, clearing of alien vegetation and addressing of water pollution issues will attract the high end of both tourism markets. Additionally, the Site has immense potential for development as a major educational tourism destination aimed at South Africa's youth, not only because of the range of educational opportunities presented by its features but also its proximity to South Africa's major population centre and ease of access.
Whilst less demanding than the high-end tourism market, the same factors apply. Given the limited resources particularly water in the Site, careful management oversight will be required if visitor numbers in both sectors grow significantly. Importance for research. The Vredefort Dome is a world-renowned geological site and is the subject of ongoing studies related to large asteroid impacts and the evolution of the early Earth. It also presents a range of opportunities for research by archaeologists, biologists, cultural historians and social scientists.
From a geological perspective, none of the factors are likely to negatively impact research; however, they could be either negative or positive towards other forms of research. For instance, archaeological evidence suggests long-term climate change effects have influenced settlement patterns and the cultural history of the region, as has historic over-exploitation of natural resources; and monitoring of habitat reclamation after removal of alien species or reduction in pollution can likewise drive research, as can researching the effects of pollution on local food chains.
Outdoor recreation and tourism,. The landscape in which the Site occurs is highly transformed predominantly from agricultural activities. There are, however, pockets of indigenous habitats that contain biodiversity that is poorly conserved elsewhere.
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The various mechanism being set in place to safeguard this landscape, and ultimately its declaration as a world heritage site under the World Heritage Convention Act 49 of , will bring a level formal protection to these natural areas. Here, the benefit is the safekeeping of the natural areas for current and future generations. Trend - Increasing.
Summary of benefits. The Vredefort Dome continues to drive significant research into a global and interplanetary phenomenon and into Earth history and the processes that have shaped it. The potential exists to use the Site to develop a far wider range of research and educational opportunities to the benefit of the local stakeholders. Compilation of active conservation projects. Integration of the Site s into the relevant municipalities' landscape planning and spatial develoment plans 4 Johannesburg Zoo Breeding of endangered endemic bird and animal species.
How are sites assessed? All about ratings Consultation process Methodology. Give us feedback Would you like to share feedback to support the accuracy of information for this site? Email address. Send feedback. Leave this field blank. Establishment of Visitor Centres, offices, supervising tourism developments, providing interim on-site protection.
Vaal River water quality improvement. Integration of the Site s into the relevant municipalities' landscape planning and spatial develoment plans. Re-aligment of Site boundaries to existing cadastral boundaries and inclusion of areas of 'specific charateristics' into the core area of the site Action Deliverable 2. These conditions are essential to ensure that active conservation management is possible.
About us www. Help preserve sites now! Join the , Members. Search Advanced. By Properties. Cultural Criteria: i ii iii iv v vi Natural Criteria: vii viii ix x. Category Cultural Natural Mixed. All With videos With photo gallery. Country Region Year Name of the property. Without With. Vredefort Dome Vredefort Dome, approximately km south-west of Johannesburg, is a representative part of a larger meteorite impact structure, or astrobleme. Vredefortkrater De Vredefortkrater ligt ongeveer kilometer ten zuidwesten van Johannesburg en is een representatief deel van een grotere meteorietinslagstructuur astrobleem.
Source: unesco. Integrity The serial World Heritage property which is about 30, ha, is made up of a main component area of 30, ha and 3 satellite components of 1 ha each. Protection and management requirements Provision of legal protection and the establishment and maintenance of an effective management system involving all relevant stakeholders are essential requirements for this property.
Even with erosion, it's considered one of the largest and best-preserved craters on Earth, with an estimated diameter of 62 miles kilometers. Specs : Located near the Kalahari Desert in South Africa, this crater contained the fossilized remains of the meteorite that created it. Specs : Now greatly eroded, the Kara crater is a non-exposed impact structure in Russia. Some have claimed that the impact structure actually consists of two adjacent craters: the Kara and the Ust-Kara crater.
Estimates of its actual diameter range from to a whooping miles to kilometers , which if proved right could mean it's the biggest. Specs : Russian scientists claim that this crater site contains trillions of carats of diamonds, making it one of the largest diamond deposits in the world. These diamonds have been referred to as "impact diamonds. Specs : Discovered in the early s, the Chesapeake Bay Crater is located approximately miles kilometers from Washington, D. Some estimates suggest this crater is 53 miles 85 kilometers wide.
Illustration by Detlev van Ravenswaay, Science Source. Read Caption.