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Son of Mrs. Margaret Marquard, of , Zastron St. Graduate student at Teachers College, John Marquard obtained his B. At first he served as Transportation Officer but was later transferred to the line. On Columbia University Roll of Honour. Commemoration Country:. Other Casualties commemorated in France.
Other Casualties commemorated in Pas de Calais. Other Casualties commemorated in this Cemetery. This appears In alternate years in English and Afrikaans and contains a host of statistics, diagrams, and other valuable information, including official interpretations of events in South Africa. Finally, Edgar B. It enables the reader to cover a lot of ground quickly in its highlighting of significant movements and events. As a result he brings to his book an understanding of the situation which is missing from most hooks about religion and society in South Africa.
The books supplement each other and go a long way towards meeting a very real need for reliable information about the reaction of Christians to the system of apartheid.
www.wellnesselek.hu: The Land and People of South Africa: Marquard, D: 豢区嶌
Books dealing with race relations in South Africa are legion. Those examining the relationship between Christianity and apartheid in any detail are much fewer. These latter works may be conveniently considered in the following groups: a those containing position statements by churches or church-related organizations; b works by leading South African theologians; and c books originating outside of South Africa but written from a Christian perspective.
But before looking at any of these, we should consider three books by committed evangelicals which treat the question of race relations generally. This work approaches a variety of questions relating to race relations from an evangelical perspective. It contains ten lively chapters, three of which have a direct bearing upon South African issues.
This book is of particular interest because it is written by a black American Calvinist. Oliver argues out of a deep respect for, and knowledge of, the Reformed faith and has a burning desire to show that Christianity and all forms of racial prejudice are incompatible. A particular valuable feature of this book is its discussion of various theological views and the interpretation of leading theologians. By implication the book also discusses issues arising from nationalism as well as from racism. This book is divided into two sections.
Buswell gives a lucid and well- documented account of pro-slavery arguments, considering in some detail the claim that Negroes are not fully human, He goes on to sympathetically treat the dilemma of Christian slave owners and the activities of Christian opponents of slavery. Against the background of these attitudes, Buswell goes on to discuss segregation, which he argues must be seen in the light of both slavery and the social disruption created by the slave system.
Like Oliver he sees racial questions as not simply issues of color but as arguments about the right of one group of men to dominate and subdue another. He forcibly argues that such domination is totally opposed to the teachings of the Gospel and completely unscriptural.
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At the end of his book Buswell provides an excellent bibliography allowing the reader to pursue his arguments in greater detail. It begins with a stimulating discussion of race and the biblical understanding of racial differences. It then places modern racism in the context of Western imperialism and discusses in general the response of churches to racism. In his final section Verkuyl discusses the South African situation at length and the role of Christian churches in combating apartheid. This is a provocative, carefully argued work by a controversial theologian who has been closely involved with the South African situation over a number of years.
This is a collection of papers delivered at a church conference held in Pretoria in which involved leading Dutch Reformed theologians and church leaders from other Christian traditions in South Africa. The aim of the conference was to find a common Christian approach to racial issues. It contains important and enlightening essays and is certainly the place where any serious study of Christianity and apartheid must begin. This volume opens with a most moving essay by B. Keet in which he bares his heart as an Afrikaner seeking a truly Christian understanding of social reality in South Africa. But if Keet rejected apartheid as a Christian option, other theologians did not, and their case is well stated in essays by C.
Brink, M. Retief, and T. Closing the volume are thirty-five pages of discussion which further illumine the issues and offer insight into the thinking of South African Christians on race. In tone these papers are more generalized than those delivered at the Pretoria conference. Although they contain much implicit criticism of government policies, the papers on both sides of the issue lack bite.
Nevertheless, the report contains some valuable remarks on racial issues generally and interesting interpretations of biblical texts. This collection of documents relating to the development of the policies of the Nationalist Government in South Africa contains many valuable items. In particular, it reprints extracts from a report by the ad hoc Commission on Race Relations of the Dutch Reformed Church, as well as a long, extract from a lecture by Professor B.
Keet in which he criticizes apartheid as unchristian.
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A significant step forward in Christian criticism of apartheid was taken with the publication of Delayed Action Pretoria: NC. Kerkboekhandel, by Professor AS. Geyser and ten other leading Afrikaner churchmen. This work, which led to heresy trials against its authors and the foundation of the Christian Institute, roundly denounced apartheid as anti-Christian. The Cottesloe Consultation was a conference of leading South African churchmen organized by the World Council of Churches and held in the Cottesloe district of Johannesburg in December At this highly significant meeting, church leaders from all major Christian traditions met for the last time trying to reach a common policy on racial issues.
The attempt was almost successful, and the report is remarkable for the extent of agreement reached between Nationalist and non-Nationalist theologians. Still, the Cottesloe Consultation ultimately failed, and the Nationalists turned against the World Council of Churches and all associated with them for their hostility to apartheid. A valuable aspect of the collection is the publication of an enlarged version of a lecture given by Dr. Publishers, Clearly, this is one of the most important documents available for a discussion of contemporary attitudes among Christians in South Africa.
The report has six sections:.
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General remarks, which include a consideration of scriptural data on race;. The Church and social justice;. The Church and missions;. Marriage and mixed marriage, and. Concluding remarks.
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Much of the discussion is unobjectionable even to hardened critics of apartheid. In fact the report goes out of its way to be true to Scripture and to deny claims such as those which seek to identify Africans with the children of Ham. It gives a balanced summary of scriptural teaching on race and points out that in fact the Bible has very little to say about race in our modern sense. Moving away from works originating from a group effort to the works of individual authors in South Africa we should note Professor HE.
Stellenbosch University Publishers, , a stunning denouncement of apartheid. Professor Keet submits to close scrutiny various arguments used to support the policy and rejects them one by one as unchristian and unjust. He then argues, from a consideration of the nature of the church and the effects of apartheid on social life, that apartheid not only threatens to destroy the Christian witness in South Africa but that it will ultimately destroy those it is meant to protect, namely, the Afrikaners themselves.
In the same year this attack on apartheid appeared, an equally vigorous pro-apartheid booklet, Apartheid — Racial Segregation — What Saith the Scripture Vereeniging: Ecclesia Evangelistic Group, was published by F. In this slim work the author seeks to justify apartheid on scriptural grounds which will appeal to evangelical Christians. A more scholarly attempt to do the same thing is Professor S. The most thorough defense of South African racial policies on a scriptural basis is to be found in Professor J.
Biblical exegesis and reflection on Reformed theology are combined with practical considerations to produce a guarded and critical yet certain defense of apartheid. Kerk Uitgewers, , which was written in reply to criticisms of Dutch Reformed attitudes by the Christian Reformed Church in America. Landman states his case with care, admitting areas of difficulty and errors of judgment but pleading for a right to be heard and attempting a positive response to outside criticism.
Many Christians outside of South Africa have indeed felt duty bound to protest against South African policies. An early contribution to this body of literature was an article by the Dutch Calvinist leader J. An emotive response to this sort of argument is to be found in Paul B. Smith, a well- known Canadian evangelical, defends apartheid on the basis of things he had seen on a short visit to South Africa. Here the South African situation is discussed and condemned as unchristian.
The report then goes on to suggest ways in which peaceful change may be brought about in Southern Africa. As the title implies, the hope of peaceful change has waned, and violence is seen as a viable option for Christians to effect change in what is seen as an unyielding situation of oppression.
The great value of this book is that it presents a highly sympathetic account by a leading Calvinist who although critical is essentially hopeful and pro-Afrikaner. Christianity and Crisis West l2lst St. Five other books deserve mention in this section in The Two Faces of Africa Pietermaritzburg: Shuter and Shooter, , Ben Marais, a leading Afrikaner theologian, evaluates developments in Africa from a Christian perspective and criticizes apartheid as unchristian.
We should also note a booklet by HE.