- DISCOVER DIAMONDS - HISTORY
- Thorny River diamond project shows promising economics
- Canada cities departure to Mokopane
To create shared value, we ensure sustainable development across all our activities, which is an important part of what makes our business model work. This helps us to ensure we do no harm to either our employees or our communities, and reduce the negative impact we have on the environment while at the same time contributing to conservation. Read more. Retail jewellery drives the market for gem diamonds. The size, colour, shape and clarity of each stone determine its value.
The largest diamond jewellery market is the US, with China and India growing strongly. Meanwhile, synthetic diamonds have become essential for a whole range of industrial and hi-tech uses. These include surgical instruments, precision cutting, optical lenses and safety windows. I'm guessing you could right? If you would like to see how you could make this type of money, right from the comfort of your own home, you absolutely need to check out this short free video. Show More. No Downloads. Views Total views. Actions Shares. Embeds 0 No embeds. No notes for slide. The Thorny River Project comprises portions of the farms Frischgewaagt, Hartebeesfontein and Doornrivier, covering some 2,ha.
This CPR comprises background information and exploration results to highlight the progress of the prospecting programme as well as the exploration potential of the project. The Competent Persons for this report have sufficient experience relevant to the style and type of mineral deposit under consideration and to the activity which is being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the SAMREC Code Project Outline Thorny River forms part of the Zebedelia kimberlite cluster and is located several kilometres away from the remaining open pit at Marsfontein and Klipspringer Diamond Mines in the Limpopo Province of South Africa.
The Project is at a relatively early exploration stage — having completed a number of geophysical 9. Thorny River Kimberlite Project Zebedelia February 15, Explorations Unlimited Page 9 surveys, four drilling percussion and core programmes, a kimberlitic indicator mineral analysis and two bulk-sampling programmes. The Property area is currently held under Prospecting Rights includes sufficient space for current and future mine offices and out-buildings, processing and final-recovery facilities, as well as for the necessary fines disposal tailings ponds, transitory coarse dumps and more permanent water supply dams.
The area is situated on the north-western flank of the Strydpoort Mountains where the elevation rises to 1,m. Northwards, the landscape is generally gently undulating at an elevation of some 1,m. The north-facing slope is rocky, with cliffs near the top and narrow kloofs cut the slope, which are less densely wooded than the rest of the property.
To the south, the Nkumpi River forms the boundary of the project area. In addition, BOD will issue million ordinary shares of 0. The Zebedelia kimberlite cluster comprises a number of en echelon dykes trending in a north-easterly to easterly direction. Several blows occur along these dykes and two mines, Klipspringer currently active and Marsfontein mined out give evidence of the diamondiferous nature of these deposits. Geology The Zebedelia kimberlite system is located approximately 30km east of Mokopane formerly Potgietersrus. The Marsfontein kimberlite has been dated at ca.
The region is underlain by the Kaapvaal craton.
DISCOVER DIAMONDS - HISTORY
To the west, in the vicinity of the Klipspringer mine, sediments of the Transvaal Supergroup occur. Remnants of ancient Greenstone belts occur to the north east of the region. The Zebedelia kimberlites are intrusive into the Archaean Meinhardskraal granites and younger dolerites in the east, and the Transvaal Supergroup sedimentary rocks in the west. Thorny River is part of a kimberlite system which extends from west of Klipspringer Mine to East of Frischgewaagt the Zebedelia kimberlite cluster. This kimberlite system predominantly is made up of en-echelon dykes which are magmatic hypabyssal in nature and represent the near root zone, as described by Hawthorne However, there are blows or pipes which exist in this system where the dykes intersect the regional structure and these kimberlites tend to be volcanoclastic TKB in nature.
Both types of kimberlites have sampled the same source in the mantle, so the diamond size frequency distribution would be expected to be similar, though the magmatic component could be finer. Marsfontein is an example of volcanoclastic facies diamond size frequency and Klipspringer a magmatic one. Thorny River Kimberlite Project Zebedelia February 15, Explorations Unlimited Page 10 The regional geological setting of the Thorny River project The kimberlite system on Thorny River is comprised primarily of two sets of en-echelon dykes or fissures which represent the near root zone called the Northern and Southern fissure systems, for ease of reference.
In addition, there are blows which exist in this system, generally where the dykes intersect the regional structure and these kimberlites tend to be volcanoclastic in nature. The kimberlite fissures on Thorny River have a currently known combined strike length of some 3. As is typical of most kimberlite fissures, these deposits pinch, swell and anastomose both laterally and vertically, resulting in variable thickness of intersections. The kimberlite fissures range in thickness from a few centimetres to greater than 3m, with the wider areas interpreted as blows along the fissures.
All kimberlites are Group 2 variety, coherent hypabyssal kimberlites with mineralogies dominated by olivine and phlogopite macrocrysts in a groundmass of apatite monticellite, clinopyroxene and richterite amphibole. Fine grained perovskite and opaques are also present.
All kimberlites can be classified as apatite-bearing calcite phlogopite kimberlites Robey, Textures vary between macrocrystic and aphanitic — with the aphanitic sections being of limited interest because of their low economic potential. Limited verifiable information is available from these operators. No previous Resource statements exist for the Properties. Thorny River Kimberlite Project Zebedelia February 15, Explorations Unlimited Page 11 Geophysical Surveys A number of geophysical surveys were conducted over the trace of the known kimberlite fissure system in order to identify drill and sample locations.
Drilling Drilling has taken place over a number of phases since Drilling of a kimberlite deposit is, primarily, used to delineate the body, define thicknesses and depths of intersections for volume determination. Vutomi undertook a limited percussion drilling exercise during September to test a consolidated suite of targets generated by all the geophysical work. During March , a core drilling programme was initiated. The objective of this programme was to delineate the extent of the kimberlite and recover sample for microdiamond and petrographic analysis.
A total of nine holes were drilled to a total of The initial drilling indicated that the dyke is not a single continuous body but comprises a series of en- echelon segments of varying width and lengths. Core logging is qualitative in nature and is geared toward petrographic interpretation. The mineralogy of the kimberlite is also seen to vary across the dyke segments.
Thorny River diamond project shows promising economics
It is, further, apparent that the thickness of the kimberlite intersections varies across the dyke system, with kimberlite intersected at shallower depth in the East approx. The results are insufficient to use in Diamond Resource estimation. However, diamond value cannot be obtained from microdiamonds. In all cases, the entire kimberlite intersection sample is taken for KIM or microdiamond analysis — the details of the methods are described below. Percussion or core samples are not split or divided in any way. A single 4kg sample comprising -1mm material obtained from kimberlite drill chips from the percussion drilling programme were collected and submitted for heavy mineral and mineral chemistry analysis.
In addition, a sample of kg of fresh kimberlite drill chips was collected and stored for microdiamond assessment during October Two-hundred garnet grains from the Based on electron microprobe mineral chemistry analysis carried out by the Analytical Facility at the University of Johannesburg , all garnets are confirmed to be of kimberlitic origin which confirmed the initial visual classification.
The geochemical classification of eclogitic garnet corresponded well to the visual classification. Only one orange garnet Gar was re-classified based on mineral chemistry of 1. The G10D garnets, plotting within the diamond inclusion field, indicate the possibility of peridotitic diamonds sampled by the kimberlite from which this sample has been taken. In addition, there is a population of eclogitic Group 1 garnets 18 out of the 42 eclogitic grains which suggests the source may also contain diamonds of eclogitic origin Fig.
Sample S has a significant population of eclogitic Group 1 garnets 18 of the 42 eclogitic grains which suggests the source has good eclogitic diamond potential. The kimberlite from which these garnets originate from may, therefore, have eclogitic diamond potential. Ten core samples from the drilling programme were selected for petrographic analysis. Each sample was studied for detail petrographic observation under the stereomicroscope for macroscopic and microscopic observations by Gargi Mishra GM Geoservices and Jock Robey Rockwise Consulting respectively Mishra, March Robey, All kimberlite samples Robey, are Group 2 variety, coherent hypabyssal kimberlites with mineralogies dominated by calcite and phlogopite but with accessory apatite and in some samples B and 10 monticellite, clinopyroxene and richterite amphibole.
All kimberlite samples can be classified as apatite-bearing calcite phlogopite kimberlites for comparison, Marsfontein pipe had two kimberlite phases — a monticellite phlogopite phase and a phlogopite monticellite phase. Where the dyke gets wider such as in borehole FDC, variable mineralogy is seen, with the crystallization of accessory clinopyroxene, amphibole richterite and monticellite. The absence of common monticellite in the Thorny River dyke is not of any concern.
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Larger kimberlites such as Marsfontein will crystallize monticellite due to slower cooling than in the more rapidly cooled thinner Thorny River dyke. Subsequently, MSA was contracted to process eight kimberlite drill core samples weighing a total of In total, the 8 samples yielded natural diamonds weighing 0. The breakage of diamonds has therefore most likely occurred as a result of a natural process possibly during kimberlite emplacement or during core drilling.
During this exercise, a total of ct stones were recovered from a total of 3,T of material during the bulk sampling. The lag layer component of this work comprised 1,T yielding The weathered kimberlite, silicified kimberlite, green clay, weathered and fresh granite from the trenches, yielded ct stones from 1,T. These tonnes were, subsequently, adjusted for kimberlite only using visually estimated contamination and dilution — the adjusted weight was estimated at T. This figure was further adjusted to around T to compensate for losses through scrubber oversize.
Using this final value, a sample grade of some 62cpht was calculated. The diamond valuation and sales data were assessed for internal consistency.
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The tonnage figure has a very low confidence, being an estimate of an estimate. Not all of the diamond parcels have J registers — raising concerns over the completeness of the information provided. Moreover, the variation in the pre-sales valuation and the actual sales figures from one of the diamond bourses is significant.
However, since the estimated revenue is global, this is not a significant problem at this stage. This entire process was audited by Gemcore Mills, June The results from this bulk-sampling exercise are not considered representative of the Thorny River kimberlite due to the reasons identified above.
Further, no sampling protocols were in place and no sample security was present. In November Vutomi excavated a T sample of kimberlite from the same location and processed it through an independent, fit-for-purpose sampling plant, comprised of a DMS, X-ray and grease final recovery plants. The results from the sample processing programme delivered results that did not tally with the estimated average total content, namely a sample grade of some Re-processing of the concentrate increased the recovered grade to Extensive internal and external audits were carried out on the sampling programme, plant and results.
Canada cities departure to Mokopane
A number of issues were highlighted Coward, Using a combination of recent and historic data, a rough approximation for the proportion of kimberlite in the recent bulk sample was derived. Accounting for dilution and reasonable range of plausible plant recoveries during sample treatment suggests that the undiluted raw in-situ grade of the kimberlite dyke sample is between 46 and 74 cpht. A sample simulation model was developed using a parcel of thousand stones, generated based on a model fitted to an annual production distribution.
One hundred samples of stones were extracted from this parcel. The analysis of the distribution of these samples suggest that the sample analysed contains marginally more fine stones that that which would be expected from the matched Annual Production Parcel. Platinum also is used as the catalyst in zero-emission, hydrogen-powered, fuel-cell electric vehicles now being developed by leading, global automakers including Honda, Toyota, Hyundai, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Hyundai.
The T1 mineralized zone T1MZ occurs within cyclical magmatic units and feldspathic pyroxenite ultramafic igneous rock immediately below the Main Zone. The T2 mineralized zone T2MZ is hosted within a mineralized, PGM-enriched, very coarse-grained pegmatoidal pyroxenite distinct from the feldspathic pyroxenite above it and bound by a top chromite stringer. The T2MZ can be subdivided into an upper pegmatoidal orthopyroxenite, referred to as the T2 Upper, and a lower, less continuous pegmatoidal harzburgite, referred to as the T2 Lower.