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It became a major voice in the struggle against apartheid and was one of the first universities in the country to provide education to black students. Pietermaritzburg was the capital of the Colony of Natal until , when the Union of South Africa was formed, and Natal became a province of the Union. Prior to , Pietermaritzburg was the capital of Natal Province. Following the first post-apartheid elections in South Africa, as a result of which the Inkatha Freedom Party won a majority in the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government, Pietermaritzburg shared its status as capital of the then newly created province of KwaZulu-Natal with Ulundi.
Pietermaritzburg became the legislative capital of the new province, while Ulundi became the administrative capital. The IFP, being strongly Zulu nationalist, desired that Ulundi, the capital of the Zulu Kingdom at the time of its fall to the British in the Anglo-Zulu War , be the post-apartheid capital of the province. Ulundi had also been the capital of the bantustan KwaZulu , which makes up a portion of modern KwaZulu-Natal. However, Ulundi severely lacked the infrastructure to be an effective seat of government, and the African National Congress ANC and the Democratic Party , the two other strong political parties in the province, among others, called for Pietermaritzburg alone to be the capital.
The debate came to an end when the ANC came to power in the province in , and named Pietermaritzburg the sole capital of KwaZulu-Natal. This has resulted in the relocation of several government offices to Pietermaritzburg. This has generally been welcomed as a positive development for the region.
Since , progress such as the modernisation of several buildings in the city centre and a proliferation of retail and housing developments in the suburbs are results of recent investment in the city by both the public and private sectors. Until the lates, the region was renowned for the production of high quality textile, clothing and footwear products. An example of the latter included the production of Doc Marten shoes.
However, these industries have declined in the area due to lower production costs in Asia. Extensive timber plantations and numerous citrus farms surround the city, contributing a significant share of the city's output. The Liberty Group has made major investments in several phases in the region since with the development of the Liberty Midlands Mall the area's largest shopping centre by gross lettable area and its most prestigious and Stay Easy hotel.
Hulett's Aluminium and Willowton cooking oil contributes a substantial part of the region's industrial output. The Pietermaritzburg borough council assumed a coat of arms in The motto was Umgungunhlovu. It is unclear what the original colours were, but by the shield had been coloured blue.
More recent versions reflect an African elephant. The final version of the arms was granted by the College of Arms in May It was registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in May The crest was changed to a blue sun displaying gold and silver stars, and two black wildebeest were added as supporters. Each had a shield on its shoulder, the dexter supporter's shield displaying the Union Jack and the sinister supporter's the flag of the Natalia republic.
The R56 road becomes co-signed with the N2 highway at Stafford's Post.
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It has been mooted that the Metrorail commuter rail system be expanded from Cato Ridge to Pietermaritzburg. The Pietermaritzburg Municipality historically operated a tram service, which was closed down in the s, and a bus service, which was closed down in the s. Nowadays regular daily bus services connect Pietermaritzburg to other major cities in South Africa. The bus station is located on Burger Street, opposite the McDonalds Centre, and it serves major bus companies. Greyhound and Intercape is the most reliable and it operates several round-trips from Durban to Johannesburg daily, where Pietermaritzburg is the second to last stop before Durban.
Pietermaritzburg has two types of taxi services: metered taxis and minibus taxis.
Unlike in many cities, metered taxis are not allowed to drive around the city to solicit fares and instead must be called and ordered to a specific location. A number of companies service Pietermaritzburg and surrounding areas. These taxis can also be called upon for airport transfers, point to point pickups and shuttles.
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Minibus taxis are the standard mode of transport for the majority of the population who cannot afford private vehicles. The initial phase would see the development of a west to east corridor from Edendale to Northdale. Summers are warm and occasionally hot, with frequent rainfall.
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Winters are dry with high diurnal temperature variation , with light air frosts being possible. Pietermaritzburg has a well-developed higher system of public universities. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. See also: Timeline of Pietermaritzburg. This article is in list format, but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this article , if appropriate. Editing help is available. May Main article: Educational Institutions of Pietermaritzburg.
This article contains a list of miscellaneous information. Please relocate any relevant information into other sections or articles. South Africa portal. Census In William D. Halsey ed. Collier's Encyclopedia. New York: Macmillan Educational Corporation. A Century of History: the story of Potchefstroom 2nd ed. Cape Town: AA Balkema. Archived from the original on 11 January Maritzburg Sun. South African Weather Service.
Archived from the original on 8 March Retrieved 7 March Roy Hesketh Circuit. Archived from the original on 1 September Retrieved 16 May Until was Springbok series for F1 cars. Championship ended in after two races due to the Middle East oil crisis and never was restarted again It was usually held during the winter when the main season had been finished.
The building was completed two years later. This was the former site of St Mary's Church, built in the s. The congregation built a new church in at the corner of Burger Street and Commercial Road. The old building was demolished in to provide space for the legislative complex. When governance was granted to Natal in , the new Legislative Assembly took over the chamber used by the Legislative Council since Further extensions to the parliamentary building were made. The building was unoccupied until , when it was used without being officially opened, due to the country's being engulfed in the Anglo-Boer war.
The war forced the Legislative Assembly to move the venue of its sittings, as its chamber was used as a military hospital. The Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council buildings have both been protected as provincial landmarks. They formed a colonial Parliament of two houses: a Council of 11 nominated members and an Assembly of 37 elected members. The council was disbanded in The Provincial Legislature consists of 80 members.
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The African National Congress ANC holds power in the provincial legislature, winning the province with a convincing overall majority in South Africa's elections. Although not holding any direct political power, he holds considerable influence among the more traditionalist Zulu people in the province. As of [update] , the Zulu king has six wives; [12] traditionally, each year a ceremony is performed in which the king receives another wife. This was formerly a way of creating connections among the various peoples. The current King practices the ceremony, called the " Reed Dance ", but has not chosen new wives recently.
Durban is a rapidly growing urban area and is by most measures the busiest port in Africa. Sugar refining is Durban's main industry. Sheep, cattle, dairy, citrus fruits, corn , sorghum , cotton, bananas, and pineapples are also raised. There is an embryonic KwaZulu-Natal wine industry. Other industries located mainly in and around Durban include textile, clothing, chemicals , rubber, fertiliser , paper, vehicle assembly and food-processing plants, tanneries, and oil refineries.
There are large aluminium-smelting plants at Richards Bay , on the north coast.
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In , Newcastle became the largest producer of chrome chemicals in Africa with the completion of a chrome-chemical plant, a joint-venture project between Karbochem and German manufacturing giant Bayer. The textile industry is a major employer in the Newcastle area, with over factories belonging to ethnic Taiwanese and Chinese industrialists. Maize, livestock and dairy farmers operate on the outskirts of the city. Coal is also mined in the Newcastle area. The province as a whole produces considerable amounts of coal especially coke and timber.
Offshore mining of heavy mineral sands including minerals with a concentration of significant economic importance at several locations, such as rutile , ilmenite and zircon are threatening the marine ecology of KwaZulu-Natal's coast, including the Tugela Banks; the fishing economy of the prawn and nurse fisheries are also threatened.
During apartheid, a large percentage of native blacks was forced to live in Bantu homelands Bantustans , which had a subsistence economy based on cattle raising and corn growing. Ecology tourism is increasingly important to the economy of KwaZulu-Natal. The area's rich biodiversity and efforts at conservation have been recognised. These two major parks and that of Ndumo have wetlands of international importance listed as Ramsar sites for conservation. Others come to hike in the mountains or explore the wetlands with guides.
Prominent civil society organisations based in the province of KwaZulu-Natal include: Abahlali baseMjondolo shackdwellers' movement, [16] the Diakonia Council of Churches , [17] the Right2Know campaign, [18] and the Unemployed People's Movement.